Probiotics Supplements Reduce ER Stress and Gut Inflammation Associated with Gliadin Intake in a Mouse Model of Gluten Sensitivity

Exposure to gluten, a protein present in wheat rye and barley, is the major inducer for human Celiac Disease (CD), chronic autoimmune enteropathy. CD occurs about 1% worldwide population, genetically predisposed individuals bearing leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8. Gut epithelial cell stress innate immune activation are responsible breaking oral tolerance gliadin, gluten component. To date, only treatment available long-term gluten-free diet. Several studies have shown that an altered composition of intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) could play key role pathogenesis through modulation permeability regulation system. Here, we show gliadin induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) condition small intestine gluten-sensitive mouse model coadministration probiotics efficiently attenuates both unfolded response (UPR) gut inflammation. Moreover, formulations might differ their activity at molecular level, especially toward three axes UPR. Therefore, administration potentially represent new valuable strategy treat patients, such as those affected by CD.